Attachment to moving-picture machines



Aug. 24, 1926.

w. 'CADORETTE ATTACHMENT TO MOVING PICTURE MACHINES 4 Sheets-She et 1 File d August 2. 1924 IIIIIIII'IIIIIII trill-- I N VENTOR. M zj/nd Cadorefie. B Y

A TTORNEY.

w.-v CADORETTE ATTACHIBNT TO MOfi-ING'PICTURE MACHINES Aug. 24* 1926.

"F li le d Ad us; 2. 1924' 4 Sh egts-Sheet 2 4 INVENTOR. red Cedar-2&2.

A TTORNEY.

v IINVENTOR.

Aug. 24 1926. I 1,597,013 w. CADORE TTE v V ATTACHMENT "1'0 MOVING PICTURE MACHINES Filed August 2, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Gay/d.

110V. AL.

W7 red Cadarefle;

3, BY v 4 m VQW ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 24, 1926.

WILFRED canona'r'ra, or nontoxic, uassacnusa'r'rsp ar'mcnuam T0 novmo-rioruaa uaonmns.

Application fl ed August a, 1924. Serial No. 729,808.-

1 This invention relatesto improvements-in mg on picture machines. v The particular ob ect of my invention is to materially reduce the fire hazard which is in'-' cident to the use of these machines. At the present time fire often occurs when the machine, for any reason fails to operate properly, asfor instance, when the mechanism which feeds the film fails to operate. rops erly causing'the film to come toa stan still.

If t is occurs the film often takes fire due a to. the intense heat from the arc lamp which is employed to supply the necessaryillumination for projecting the film onto the screen. My invention is therefore directed to remove and effectively overcome-this fire risk by roe viding automatic means for closing the s utter, or ,door which is located between the film and the source of illumination,

This shutter is designed to automatically operate when any one-of the following conditions of operation of the machine should arise, namely, should the up er supply reel not be properly wound, or, t e holes in the film which receive the teeth of the sprocket wheel, which feeds the film become stripped or torn, or, should the upper sprocket. wheel become loosened for any reason, or, should the film slip off from the upper sprocket wheel, or, should the film become disengaged from the intermittent feed wheel, orshould the plate which is provided with an aperture stick or become inoperative due to too much tension on the tension shoe, or, should the speed of operation of the machine be too slow, or, should the film slip, or, should the driving belt break, or, should the friction drive slip, or should the current to the motor be out ofi.

Other objects and nature of the invention will appear in the body of the specification and will be particularly pointed out in the claims. Referringto drawings which form a part .of the specification I the movableguard plate of the film.

F i 2 is a detail view of a guar plate.

Fig. 3 is a side view of the movable. shutter.

portion of the of Fig. 7.

is an enlarged edge view of the guard plate, the solenoid for automatically operating the shutter, and the mechanism for opening or closing the electric circuit.

Fig. 5 is: a detail sectional view of the solenoid and its movable core. v

Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail-view of the 'film'guard. plate and parts operated thereby for opening or closing the electric circuit switch.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of the centrifugal switch for opening or closingthe electric circuit of the solenoid.

F ig. 8 is a detail sectional view on'the line 7 Fig. 9 is a detail view of the connection between the centrifugal switch and link for operating the film guard plat-e.

Fig. 10 is a view of the switch frame which contains the motor starting and stoping buttons. i Fig. 11. is a diagrammatic view of the electric connections, and

Fig. 12 is a detail switch.

Referring to the drawings in detail:

1 designates the reel on which the filmto be exhibited on the screen is wound. 2 the screen. 3 the take up reel for the film, 4 95 with the perforations fraud 6 to receive the. 1

spurs or projections 7 on the wheels 9'and 10,

and The usual guide rolls are indicated at 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16, 17 and 18 are the usual tension rolls for maintaining the film tight and in close contact with the toothed wheel 9. It is to be understood that the film has imparted thereto the usual'intermittent or step-by-step motion by means of the toothed wheel 10. 19designates the usual spaced tension. platesh-aving the aligned openings 20 and .21 between which the film 4 passes. 22 designates the electric arclamp for supplying the illumination for the film, the condensed rays being indicated at 23. 24 is the. usual shuttter for cutting off the rays of light and heat when thefilm is not to be exhibited or for view of the starting 90 rod is formed with depending curved part 32 which cooperates with the electric eircuit switehcont'rolling member 33 (see Fig. 6) that includes the arm 3 It is formed with the curved end 35 that cooperates with the switch member 85. This arm is pivotally mounted on the shaft 36. Tntegrally connected to the arm 3 is a depending member 37 to the lower end of which is piyotally connected the link 38 that isattached at its other end to the centrifugal clutch 76, and, integral. with the member 37 is the upwardly curved arm 39 which lies in the path of the depending curved part 32 of the guard 7 plate 29.

For the purpose of electrically and automatically operating the shutter 24c a-solenoid 40 is provided in the bore of which is placed the plunger ll that is" composed of a bundle of soft iron plates in order to per-.

mit the plunger to be drawn into the bore 42, since an alternating electric current is employed for energizing the solenoid. 43 is a part which isattached to the plunger 41. It is composed of some suitable nonmagnetic material as fibre or brass. The inner end of the part d3 will engage the curved arm 27 of the shutter 24, when the solenoid is en ergized, and retain the shutter in its elevated or horizontal position, as long as the sole noid is energized, as shown. Should the solenoid become deenergized for any reason the shutter will drop into its closed or vertical position, due to the force of gravity. Normally, therefore, the solenoid is electrically energized when the machine is in operation.

The electrical connections for the solenoid are as follows: The source of alternating current is indicated at id, see Fig. ll. is a step down transformer having the primary winding 46 and the'two sections of the secondary windings, i7 and 48, for taking off current of 6 and 9 volts respectively; if desired. 49 is a wire connected to one tcr ninal of the secondary. coil 48 at 50. This wire leads to the starting switch terminal 51 which is connected to the contact bar 5 is a push button rod that is normally retained in an elevatedposition by the spring 5% which is normally under compression. it rests on the plate 55 at one end and the shoulder 56 at its opposite end. 57 is a conducting plate which attached to the rod 53. 58 is a second contact bar .with which the plate engages when the therefore completed to the shaft rod 53 is depressed. This liar is connected to the wire 59 at 60 which extends to the electromagnet winding 61 and baclr to the other terminal of the secondary coil as of the transformer -15. jil is an armature pivotally connected at 62 to a fixed support. This armature is normally elevated by the spring 63 and is formed with the two contact terminals 64: and 65 which engage the terminals 66 and 67 of the operating motor the solenoid at 73. The other terminal 740 of the solenoid winding. is connected to a wire which leads to the centrifugal clutch 76 shown in detail in the enlarged sectional view of Fig. 7, which clutch is secured to the shaft 77 that serves as the ground side of the circuit through the solenoid. This ground connection being indicated inFig. 11 by the dotted line 78 and by the full line 7 8 in Fig.7 which is electrically connected to the frame 7 9 of the machine. I

The construction of the centrifugal clutch comprises a plate 80 which is secured to the shaft 77 with the set screw 81. It is formed with the annular flange 82' and hub part 83 in each of which is an opening 84: and 85 to receive the rods 86. Loosely mounted on these rods are the weights 87 which are normally retained againsthub 83 by the reaction .of the expansion springs 88 on the rods 86 and between the flange 84: and a recess, as shown,in the weights. Attached to the outer ends of the rods 87 are the metal electric contact shoes or plates 89, which, when the speed of the clutch is sufficient, will be thrown outward bythe weights into contact with the inner surface of the annular flange 90' thus closing the electric circuit from wire 7 5 to the metallic plate 91, the hub part 92 of the disk 93 which is insulated from the shaft 77 by means of the pieces at and 95: 96 is an oil hole for the hearing. The plate 91 is formed with the opening as shown to permit the shaft to pass through without contacting. The circuitfrom the wire 75 is 77 and ground when the speed is suiiicient. It is to be understood that the motor 68 is directly connected to the shaft- 77 through suitable gearing, not shown. This connection is conventionally indicated by the dotted lines 97 in Fig. 11 and gear 98 in Fig.7. it will therefore be seen that the centrifugal clutch 76 will not become operative until the 1110- .tor 68 reaches a predetermined speed, there.

mit the light rays from the arc fore, there will not be any current flow ng through the solenoid 40 until the correct speed of. the motor is attained and the machine is in full 0' ration. When this condition is reached tien the shutter 24 is automatically moved into its open horizontal position-shown in full lines in Fig 1' to peramp 22 to pass through the film 4 and roject thepictures onto the screen 2. The s utter 24 is operated by the plunger 43 when the solenoid is electrically energized.

99 designates a metallic plate that is secured to the frame piece 100 with the screws 101' which pass through theblocks of insulation 102. This plate is for the purpose of forming a good contact with frame 100 and wire 78. Connected to the disk 93 is the link 38 with the pin 103.

In order to render the pictures onthe screen continuous it is often times necessary to employ a second machine and to cut in. or automaticallyput the second machine in operation, means is provided for this purpose which comprises an arm 104 that ispivotally attached at 105 to a fixed support.

i This arm carries a roller 106 which normally rests upon.-the film 4 as'it is unwound from the supply reel 1, and therefore moves inward towards the shaft of the reel. For the contact brush 108 which momentarily closes the motor circuit through its contact with the rods 109 (see Fig. 1), which are connected to the wires I10 and 111; This cir-" cuit is closed about two seconds of time. The wire 110-is connected tothe wire 59, and the wire 111'is' connected to the wire 49. 112 is a metal contact plate of the stop switch 113 which is normallyin contact with the contact strips 114' and 115.

The strip 114 is connected to the wire 116 which extcnds'to theterminals 117 and 118 of the make and break switch which automatically controls the opening or closing'of the shutter 24. The circuit through the electromagnet 61 which maintains the contacts 64, 65, 66, and 67 closed is as follows: from one terminal of the secondary winding 48, windings of the electromagnet '61, wire 59, wire 110, contact brush 108, rods 109, \vire 1-11, wire 49 to the other terminal of the winding 48. Current also flows from wire- 59, strip 115, plate 112, strip 114, wire 116 to contacts 117, 1,18 to ground. It will be seen that in order to stop the operation of the motor 68 it is only necessary to push downward on the stop switch 113 which moves the plate 112 away from the contact strips 114 and 115. In order to again start the motor 68 it is pnly necessary to press downward the start switch 53. It .will

dotted position 32".

also be seen that when the contacts 117 and 118' are opened the solenoid 40. is deenergized. p r

' Referring now to the operation of the machine and considering the parts in their normal position shown with-the shutter 24 open and the guard plate 28 in its normal or: full line position. Assume that the'film 4 from the reel 1 for some reason is not fed forward. its correct speed, the ressure of the, film a ainst the inside of the plate 28 is then reduced. The plate 28 will now occupy the position shown in dotted lines 28' (see Fig. 1) with. the result that'the arm 34 will fall away from its central or horizontal position. The depending arm 32' will assume the :dotted position 32 which position removes the support for the arm 34. This operation permits the electric contacts .117 and 118 to open and consequently deenerg izes the solenoid 40 and electromagnet 61. The plun er 41 is now moved outward by the weigIlted 'arm 27 which is attached to the shutter-24 as it falls into its closedposition shown in dotted lines in contact strip 118 are arrangedqto form a curved surface with the pivot of-the arm' 34'as a center, and of such a size that if the arm 34 assumes any position either above or below these elevations the contactstrip 118 will open the circuit. As soon as the shutter closes the heat from the electric arc is instantly shut off. In order to resume operations again the button 53. is pushed downward as before. Should the film 4 for any reason be fed too fast the uard plate 28 will be forced outward by t e pressure Fig. 4. The elevations 119 and 120 on the 4 of the film into the dotted position 28v (see Fig. the normal positionof thevarm 32 is now moved towards the right into the This operation'lifts the'arm 34 and again the contacts 117 and r 118 will open the circuit causing the solenoid to become deenergized and the shutter 24 to close. I

The centrifugal clutch normallyoperates to movethe disk 93. about the shaft by reasonofthe shoes 89' engaging the rim 90. This will cause the disk 93 to turn, and, through the link 38 will maintain the plate 28 in a balanced position, and part 37 will be engaged by 34. There are therefore two ways of-opening the circuit through the solenoid, .one, by the actionv of the motor if the speed is-too high and the other by the operation of the fil The construction and mounting of the plate 28 is such that itis nicely balanced 98 will cause the switch members 117 and of the arm 10% in passing from the beginning of the unwinding of the reel to near its end momentarily engages the button 10} in order to start the second machine. After the end leaves the button thecirouit is again opened. 1

lVhat l claim is 1. In a machine for the purpose described,

the combination with let oil and take up reels tor the film, spaced tension plates having openings and between which thefilm travels, a pivotally mounted shutter for 'cutting oil the heat rays from the source of light which illuminates the film that passes through openings i'n'the plates, means com prising elcctrosmechanical devices for main taining the shutter in its open position, and

means comprising a film engaging plate to permit the shutter to. close should the rate of travel of the film be either increased or decreased, said film being normally in engagement with the plate. v I

2. In a machine for the purpose described, the combination with letoit and take up reels for the film, spaced tension plates having openings and between, which the film travels, a pivotally mounted shutter i'or cutting oil the heat rays from the source of light which illuminates the film that passes through openings in the plates, electrical means for maintaining the shutter in its open position, and a pivotally mounted plate along which the film normally travels ,to permit the shutter to close should the rate of travel or the film be either increasedor decreased. f

3.'The combination with-a shutter device to prevent the heat rays from reaching the film; in a motion picture machine, of a pivotally mounted plate which is engaged by the traveling film when in motion, means for maintaining the shutter open when the film is moving at its normal speed, and in contact with the plate but operative to close the shutter should the normal speed be either increased or diminished.

l. The combination with the shutter of a moving picture machine, a member which is engaged by the film to exert a definite pressure when moving at its normal rate of travel, means cooperating with themember for engaging the shutter to retain it in an open position at such speed but operating to close the shutter should the rate of travel be either increased or diminished, said means comprising an electromechanical device which engages the shutter, an electric circuit including the said device, a make and break device which is operated by the memher.

5. In a motion picture machine, the combination with a let otl and take up reel for the film, a pivoted plate member along which the film travels, a shutter, an electromag netic device-for operating the shutter, for moving it into its open position, an electric circuit which includes the said device, a switch in the circuit, and cooperating means between the plate and switch for opening the circuit when the plate member is moved by the film out of its normal position.

6. In a motion picture machine, the combination with a let oil and take up reel for the film, a pivoted plate member along which the film travels, a shutter, an elcctromagnetic device for operating the shutter, tor

'movingit into its open position, an electric circuit which includes the said device, a

switch in thecircuit, and cooperating means between the plate and switch for opening the circuit when theplate member is ,moved by the film out' of its normal position, said means comprising a part ,on the member, an arm engaged by the part that engages the switch device the switch being so constructed that vvhenthearm assumes any position butits normal one the switch will open the circuit and deenergizethe electromagnetic device permitting the shutter to automatically close.

'I. The combination with the moving film of a motion picture ma hine, a pivotally mounted shutter which closes by the operation of gravity, an arm on the shutter, a solenoid, a plunger operated by the solcnoid iorengaging the arm of the shutter for moving it into its open position when the solenoid is energized, an electric circuit in cluding the windings of the solenoid, an

electric motor for operating the film, a centrifugally operated switch and'clutch membcr driven by the motor and included in the circuit whereby the solenoid is deenergized when the speed of the clutch member is be low normal and whereby the shutter will automatically close.

8. The combination with the pivotally mounted shutter of a moving picture machine, an electromechanical device for maintaining the shutter in its open position when energized, an electric circuit including said device, a source of electromotive power, an electric motor operated therefrom for oper ating the machine, a starting switch in the circuit for themotor, an electromagnet for closing the circuit to the motor, the electromechanical device being included in the same circuit as the electromagnet, a switch in this circuit. a movable plate against which the film of the machine exerts a pressure, and cooperating means between the plate and switch.

9. The combination with a moving film, eta shutter, a solenoid, a plunger therein for engaging the shutter to retain it in an open position when energized, amovable plate against and along which thefilm travlOO els to maintain it in a definite position by exerting pressure thereon, an electric circuit which includes thesolenoid windings, a switch in the circuit, and cooperating devices between plat andtheswitch whereby when the pressure of the filin dh fhe plate I is either increased or decreased the circuit is opened and the shutter closes.

10. A shutter closing device for moving, picture machines having, combination, a movable member aga nst WhlCh the travelling fihii presses, means for operating the ,shutter' from the movable member, means I moving film but permitting. the member to operate to close the shutter when the balance is disturbed by reason of an increase or decrease of pressure by the moving film on the member. 

